SANGKURIANG (version 2)

 Once upon a time in West Java, Indonesia, lived a princess named Dayang Sumbi. She was beautiful and kind-hearted. Her hobby was weaving cloth. But sometimes she could be very lazy. One day her weaving tool fell, but she was too lazy to get it herself. She shouted out, “Can anybody help me get my tool? If you are a female, I will take you as my sister. If you are a male, I will marry you!”

 A male creature came, but it was a dog. His name was Tumang. He happily brought the tool to her. Dayang Sumbi was very surprised, but she kept her promise. She married the dog. Tumang was actually a man who had been cursed by a witch to become a dog. But at certain times Tumang could turn back to be a normal man. Their only son, Sangkuriang, was soon born, and he grew up to be a handsome and healthy boy. He always played with his very loyal dog, Tumang. He did not know that he was actually his father, because Dayang Sumbi hid the secret from him. Sangkuriang liked to hunt in the woods, of course with Tumang.

 One day Dayang Sumbi asked him to bring home a deer’s heart. But, after hunting for several days, he could not fi nd any deer in the woods. He did not want to disappoint his mother and was thinking hard how to bring home a deer’s heart. Suddenly, he had a very bad idea. He killed Tumang! Then, he brought his heart home and gave it to Dayang Sumbi.

Sangkuring could not cheat her. She knew it was Tumang’s heart. So, she got very angry and hit Sangkuriang’s forehead with a piece of wood and told him to leave. With a bad wound on his forehead, Sangkuriang left he village.

 Many years later, Sangkuriang grew up to be a powerful man. One day he went back to his village. He met a beautiful young woman there, and he fell in love with her at the fi rst sight. It was Dayang Sumbi! She never got older because she had been granted eternal youth by the gods. Sangkuriang did not know that she was his mother, so he came to her and proposed to marry her.

 When he walked closer to her, Dayang Sumbi got very surprised. She saw the scar in Sangkuriang’s forehead, and soon she knew that he was her son, who left her a long time ago. She told him the truth and tried hard to explain it to him, but he did not believe her. She did not want to break his heart, so she accepted his proposal but gave him an impossible thing to do. She wanted him to build a lake and a boat in just one night!

 Sangkuriang agreed, because he knew that he could make it with the help of his genies. By midnight he fi nished the lake and then started making the boat. Dayang Sumbi was thinking hard to fi nd a way to fail him. Before dawn, she asked the people in the village to burn the woods in the East, and the light made all the cocks crow. Thinking that the night would be over soon, the genies ran fast and left Sangkuriang before the boat was fi nished. Sangkuriang realized that Dayang Sumbi had cheated him. He got very angry and he kicked the boat upside down. It gradually became a mountain and it is now known as Mt. Tangkuban Perahu

SANGKURIANG (version 1)

 Orientation

Long time ago in West Java, lived a beautiful girl named Dayang Sumbi. She was also smart and clever. Her beauty and intelligence made a prince from the heavenly kingdom of Kahyangan desire her as his wife. The prince asked permission from his father to marry Dayang Sumbi. People from Kahyangan could never live side by side with humans, but his father approved on one condition, when they had a child, the prince would transform into a dog. The prince accepted the condition.

Complication
They get married and lived happily in the woods until Dayang Sumbi gave birth to a baby boy. The prince then changed into a dog named Tumang. Their son is named Sangkuriang. He was very smart and handsome like his father. Everyday, he hunted animals and looked for fruits to eat. One day, when he was hunting, Sangkuriang accidentally killed Tumang. His arrow missed the deer he was targeting and hit Tumang instead. He went home and tells her mother about the dog. “What?” Dayang Sumbi was appalled. Driven by sadness and anger, she grabbed a weaving tool and hit Sangkuriang’s head with it. Dayang Sumbi was so sad; she didn’t pay any attention to Sangkuriang and started to cry.
Sangkuriang feel sad and also confused. How can his mother love a dog more than him? Sangkuriang then decided to go away from their home and went on a journey. In the morning, Dayang Sumbi finally stopped crying. She started to feel better, so she went to find Sangkuriang. But her son was no where to be found. She looked everywhere but still couldn’t find him. Finally, she went home with nothing. She was exhausted. She fell asleep, and in her dream, she meets her husband. “Dayang Sumbi, don’t be sad. Go look for my body in the woods and get the heart. Soak it with water, and use the water to bathe, and you will look young forever,” said the prince in her dream. After bathing with the water used to soak the dog’s heart, Dayang Sumbi looked more beautiful and even younger.
And time passed by. Sangkuriang on his journey stopped at a village and met and fell in love with a beautiful girl.He didn’t realize that the village was his homeland and the beautiful girl was his own mother, Dayang Sumbi. Their love grew naturally and he asked the girl to marry him. One day, Sangkuriang was going on a hunt. He asked Dayang Sumbi to fix the turban on his head. Dayang Sumbi was startled when she saw a scar on his head at the same place where she, years ago, hit Sangkuriang on the head.
After the young man left, Dayang Sumbi prayed for guidance. After praying, she became convinced that the young man was indeed her missing son. She realized that she had to do something to prevent Sangkuriang from marrying her. But she did not wish to disappoint him by cancelling the wedding. So, although she agreed to marry Sangkuriang, she would do so only on the condition that he provides her with a lake and built a beautiful boat, all in one night.
Sangkuriang accepted this condition without a doubt. He had spent his youth studying magical arts. After the sun went down, Sangkuriang went to the hill. Then he called a group of genie to build a dam around Citarum River. Then, he commands the genies to cut down trees and build a boat. A few moments before dawn, Sangkuriang and his genie servants almost finished the boat.

Resolution
Dayang Sumbi, who had been spying on him, realised that Sangkuriang would fulfill the condition she had set. Dayang Sumbi immediately woke all the women in the village and asked them to wave a long red scarf. All the women in the village were waving red scarf, making it look as if dawn was breaking. Deceived by false dawn, the cock crowed and farmers rose for the new day.

Re-Orientation

Sangkuriang’s genie servants immediately dropped their work and ran for cover from the sun, which they feared. Sangkuriang grew furious. With all his anger, he kicked the unfinished boat. The boat flew and landed on a valley. The boat then became a mountain, called Mount Tangkuban Perahu (Tangkuban means upturned or upside down, and Perahu means boat). With his power, he destroyed the dam. The water drained from the lake becoming a wide plain and nowadays became a city called Bandung (from the word Bendung, which means Dam).

The Legend of "SANGKURIANG"

Once upon a time in west Java, Indonesia lived a wise king who had a beautiful daughter. Her name was Dayang Sumbi. She liked weaving very much. Once she was weaving a cloth when one of her tool fell to the ground. She was very tired at the time so she was too lazy to take it. Then she just shouted out loud.

She shouted ‘Anybody there? Bring me my tool. I will give you special present. If you are female, I will consider you as my sister. If you are male, I will marry you’

Suddenly a male dog, its name was Tumang, came. He brought her the falling tool. Dayang Sumbi was very surprised. She regretted her words but she could not deny it. So she had to marry Tumang and leave her father. Then they lived in a small village. Several months later they had a son. His name was Sangkuriang. He was a handsome and healthy boy.

Sangkuriang liked hunting very much. He often went hunting to the forest using his arrow. When he went hunting Tumang always with him. In the past there were many deer in Java so Sangkuriang often hunted for deer.

One day Dayang Sumbi wanted to have deer’s heart so she asked Sangkuriang to hunt for a deer. Then Sangkuriang went to the forest with his arrow and his faithful dog Tumang. But after several days in the wood Sangkuriang could not find any deer. They were all disappeared. Sangkuriang was exhausted and desperate.  He did not want to disappoint her mother so he killed Tumang. He did not know that Tumang was his father. At home he gave Tumang’s heart to her mother.

But Dayang Sumbi knew that it was Tumang’s heart. She was so angry that she could not control her emotion. She hit Sangkuriang at his head. Sangkuriang was wounded. There was a scar in his head. She also repelled her son. Sangkuriang left her mother in sadness.

Many years passed and Sangkuriang became a strong young man. He wandered everywhere. One day he arrived at his own village but he did not realize it. There he met Dayang Sumbi. At the time Dayang Sumbi was given an eternal beauty by God so she stayed young forever. Both of them did not know each other. So they fell in love and then they decided to marry.

But then Dayang Sumbi recognized a scar on his Sangkuriang’s head. She knew that Sangkuriang was his son.  It was impossible for them to marry. She told sangkuriang but sangkuriang did not believe her. He wished that they marry soon. So Dayang Sumbi gave a very difficult condition.  She wanted Sangkuriang to build a lake and a boat in one night!  She said she needed that for honeymoon.

Sangkuriang agreed.  With the help of genie and spirits Sangkuriang tried to build them.  By midnight he had finished the lake by building a dam in Citarum river.  Then he started building the boat. It was almost dawn when he nearly finished it. Meanwhile Dayang Sumbi kept watching on them. She was very worried when she knew this.  So she made lights in the east. Then the spirits thought that it was already dawn.  It was time for them to leave. They left Sangkuriang alone. Without their help sangkuriang could not finish the boat.

Sangkuriang was very angry.  He kicked the boat. Then the boat turned out to be Mount Tangkuban Perahu. It means boat upside down. From a distant it looks like a boat upside down.

PJJ (PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH) – PERTEMUAN KE-5

Wednesday, 22 April 2020

PJJ (PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH) – PERTEMUAN KE-5 - Waktu: 11:00 – 14:00 WIB

Hallo anak-anak yang saya rindukan. hari ini, Rabu, 22 April 2020 merupakan pertemuan kita yang ke-lima ya.

Walaupun kita sekarang tidak boleh melakukan aktifitas berkumpul ataupun ke sekolah namun semangat belajar di rumah tetap ada kan. Pasti ya.

Tidak bisa dipungkiri sebenarnya saya juga rindu megajar di depan kelas, melihat kalian mempraktekkan dialog secara langsung tanpa membawa teks/catatan, melihat kalian bekerja sama dalam kelompok dalam kelas, melihat kalian berdiskusi dalam kelompok-kelompok kecil, dan aktifitas pembelajaran lainnya. 

Tapi jangan khawatir, pasti pandemic ini akan berlalu dan kita akan bertemu lagi dalam proses belajar mengajar. Sambil menunggu waktu tersebut tiba, kita akan belajar online. Saya akan memberikan materi secara online dan kalian mengumpulkan tugas-tugas pun secara online. Untuk kalian yang mau bertanya, memberi saran ataupun curhat/sharing dapat menulis di kolom komentar ya. TETAP SEMANGAT.

Sebelumnya kita telah belajar mendapatkan informasi dalam dialog pada halaman 169 dan membuat dialog tersebut dalam video.

Pada pertemuan kali ini, kita akan mengumpulkan informasi dari dialog pada halaman 169 kemudian kita akan belajar melengkapi gambar yang tersedia menggunakan informasi dalam dialog yang telah kita pelajari sebelumnya.

Kemudian kalian akan bekerja berpasangan untuk melakukan tugas di google classroom. Jangan lupa untuk mengirim jawaban Anda di sana (hanya kirim satu). Daftar pasangan dapat dilihat di sheet/ lembar di sebelah tugas.

Jika sudah selesai mengirim tugas tersebut, kemudian bacalah 2 paragraph berikut ini di depan cermin dengan suara yang keras, jelas dan benar.

Jika sudah selesai, kemudian silahkan pelajari paragraph berikut ini

Silahkan di analisa. Analisis teks yang cermat dan kalian akan menemukan lima peristiwa dari pengalaman diatas.

1. Mrs. Wayan got an accident.
2. Udin’s family came to Mrs. Wayan’s home.
3. Udin’s family took her to the hospital.
4. Mrs. Wayan had to stay in the hospital.
5. Udin’s family went home.

Kalian dapat menggunakan kamus. Kalian akan mengeja kata-kata dan menggunakan tanda baca dengan benar. Saat kalian menulis, ucapkan/ bacalah kalimat dengan keras, jelas, dan benar.

          1. Mrs. Wayan got an accident. 

         At ten, we heard a cry from Mrs. Wayan’s home. She is our next-door neighbour. She’s 70 years old and very weak. She lives alone

       2. ________________________________

           _________________________________

      3. _________________________________

          __________________________________

      4. __________________________________

          __________________________________

       5. _________________________________

          _________________________________

Baiklah, kiranya cukup belajar untuk hari ini. Sampai jumpa.

PJJ (PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH) – PERTEMUAN KE-5

Wednesday, 22 April 2020
PJJ (PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH) – PERTEMUAN KE-5

Time: 11:00 – 14:00 WIB

Hello, students that I miss. Today, Wednesday, 22 April 2020, is our fifth meeting.

Even though we can't do gathering with friends and families or going to school now, the spirit of learning at home is still there. Certainly.

It is undeniable that I really miss teaching in front of the class, seeing you practice direct dialogue without carrying texts/notes, seeing you working together in groups in the class, seeing you discussing in small groups, and other teaching-learning activities.

But don't worry, this pandemic surely will pass and we will meet again, face to face in the teaching and learning process. While waiting for that time to arrive, we will study online. I will provide the material online and you collect any assignments online. For those of you who want to ask, give advice, confide, sharing can write in the comments column. KEEP SPIRIT.

Previously we learned how to get information in a dialogue on page 169 and make that dialogue in a video.

At this meeting, we will collect information from the dialogues on page 169 then we will complete the available images/pictures using information in the dialogs that we have studied before

Then you will work in pairs to do the task in google classroom. Don't forget to send your answer there (send only one). The partner/pair is provided in the sheet next to the task.


When you have finished sending the assignment, then read these following 2 paragraphs. You will say the sentences in front of the mirror loudly, clearly and correctly.

After that, observe the following paragraph

A careful analysis of the text will show you that the experience consists of five events.

1. Mrs. Wayan got an accident.
2. Udin’s family came to Mrs. Wayan’s home.
3. Udin’s family took her to the hospital.
4. Mrs. Wayan had to stay in the hospital.
5. Udin’s family went home.

Here are what we will do. 
First, you will read the events carefully.  Second, you will study the example carefully. Third, you will read the conversation again. Then, in pairs, you will decide which of the sentences state each of the events. Finally, you will handwrite the examples and the sentences in your notebook. 

you can use a dictionary. you will spell the words and use the punctuation marks correctly. When you are writing, you will say the sentences loudly, clearly, and correctly.

      1. Mrs. Wayan got an accident. 

At ten, we heard a cry from Mrs. Wayan’s home. She is our next-door neighbour. She’s 70 years old and very weak. She lives alone

       2. ________________________________

           _________________________________

      3. _________________________________

          __________________________________

      4. __________________________________

          __________________________________

       5. _________________________________

          _________________________________

Alright, I hope you have learned enough today, and see you soon.

PJJ (PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH) – PERTEMUAN ke-4

Thursday, 16 April 2020

PJJ (PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH) – 4th Meeting - Time: 11:00 – 14:00 WIB

Hello students, today, Thursday, April 16, 2020, is our fourth Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ)/ Distance Learning.

Since we have finished studying chapter 10, you will work on the assessment of chapter 10 (When I Was Child - Past tense). Assessment in the form of multiple-choice (PG-Pilihan Ganda) and essay. All of you can do the assessment by clicking on this link.

The time is divided into:

11:00 – 12:15 WIB: CHAPTER 10 assessment will be held on

12:16 – 14:00 WIB: we are going to learn a new Chapter. It is Chapter XI

Please read all material in your BOS textbook page 168-172

Then work in a group of 3 (the members list can be read below) to answer these questions:

1. What is/are the competence(s) students able to after learned chapter XI
2. What is a dialog on page 169 talk about?

And then for the project, you perform the dialog on page 169 with your friend (partners are provided-list can be read below ) using the application you will practice the dialogue with your friends, and without text. You can use the application that you commonly used for recording your dialog.

For the group that consists of 2 students, the member can do double characters

Here is the dialog from page 169.

Even though we cannot meet face to face, but the spirit of learning must keep burning.

Keep up, enthusiasm guys.

Bahasa Indonesia:

Halo anak-anak, hari ini, Kamis, 16 April 2020, adalah Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) keempat kita.

Karena kita telah selesai mempelajari bab 10, maka anda akan mengerjakan penilaian harian (PH) bab 10 (When I Was Child - Past tense). Penilaian harian terdiri dari pilihan ganda (PG) dan esai. Anda semua dapat melakukan penilaian dengan klik tautan ini berikut ini.

Alokasi waktu akan dibagi menjadi:

pukul 11:00 – 12:15 WIB Siswa mengerjakan penilaian harian CHAPTER 10.

Pukul 12:15 – 14:00 silahkan pelajari materi berikut ini:

Selanjutnya kita akan masuk ke bab baru yaitu CHAPTER XI

Silahkan membaca materi dari buku paket halaman 168 – 172

Kemudian bekerjalah dalam kelompok yang terdiri dari 3 anak (daftar anggota dapat dibaca di bawah) untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini:

1. Apakah kompetensi yang siswa dapatkan setelah mempelajari bab XI? atau Apakah tujuan pembelajaran pada chapter XI?
2. Apakah yang dibicarakan dalam dialog pada halaman 169?

Selanjutnya anda diminta membuat proyek. Dialog pada halaman 169 akan diperagakan dalam kelompok dan di rekam menjadi video. Anda dapat menggunakan aplikasi apa saja yang biasa anda gunakan untuk merekam video. Anggota kelompok sudah ditentukan dan dapat dibacah pada tabel dibawah. 

Untuk grup yang terdiri dari 2 siswa, anggota dapat melakukan karakter ganda.
Berikut ini adalah dialog dari halaman 169.

Meskipun kita tidak bisa bertemu muka, semangat belajar harus tetap menyala.
Tetap semangat.

Daftar anggota kelompok:

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Simple Past tense adalah suatu bentuk tense yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada satu spesifik waktu di masa lampau. Serupa dengan simple present tense, bentuk ini merupakan salah satu tense yang paling dasar dan sering digunakan pada saat penulisan atau percakapan dalam bahasa Inggris.

Pengertian Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense adalah kalimat tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dan telah berakhir di masa lampau. Berbeda dengan past continous tense, yakni menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau, namun masih terjadi di masa sekarang. 

Rumus Simple Past Tense

Untuk membentuk kalimat simple past tense, rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut

S + Verb 2 + O

Dalam kalimat simple past tense, kata kerja / verb yang digunakan merupakan bentuk kata kerja kedua. Terdapat 2 jenis kata kerja / Verb, yakni Regular Verb dan Irregular Verb. Untuk regular verb, tambahkan -ed / -d dibelakang setelah kata kerja bentuk pertama.

Regular verb sebagai contoh :

• clean => cleaned (membersihkan)
• work => worked (bekerja)
• play => played (bermain)
• touch => touched (menyentuh)
• write => wrote (menulis)

Untuk Irregular verb , termasuk didalamnya to be, bentuk kata kerja keduanya sangat berbeda. Sebagai contoh :

• awake => awoke (Terbangun)
• begin => began (Memulai)
• drink => drank (Minum)
• eat => ate (Makan)
• run => ran (Berlari)

Namun, ada sebagian Irregular verb yang memiliki bentuk kata kerja yang sama dengan bentuk kata kerja dasar. Sebagai contoh :

• Put => Put (Meletakkan)
• Split => Split (Membagi)
• Spread => Spread (Menyebarkan)
• Set => Set (Mengatur)
• Cut => Cut (Memotong)

Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense Affirmative

Berikut ini contoh kalimat simple past tense positif :

1. Abdul went to Bali for holiday last Sunday .

    (Minggu kemarin, Abdul pergi ke Bali untuk berlibur)

2. She joined English club class at school yesterday. 

    (Kemarin, dia bergabung kedalam klub bahasa Inggris di sekolah).

3. Last Monday, Joni got an accident at the office. 

    (Senin lalu, Joni terkena musibah di kantor).

4. Dani bought new laptops last night.

     (Dani membeli laptop baru kemarin malam)

5. Ade went to school by his new cars this morning. 

     (Ade pergi ke sekolah menggunakan mobil barunya pagi ini)

7. Dewi applied for a manager position at Wall Street English company. 

     (Dewi melamar pekerjaan sebagai posisi manager di perusahaan Wall Street English)

8. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was the president of Indonesia. 

     (Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dulu merupakan presiden Republik Indonesia)

9. I was born in Surabaya. 

     (Dulu, saya lahir di Surabaya)

10. My mother cooked grilled fish for my birthday party. 

      (Ibuku dulu memasak ikan bakar untuk pesta ulang tahunku).

Contoh kalimat simple past tense negative

Untuk membentuk kalimat simple past tense negatif, rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut

S + did + not + Verb 1

atau

S + To Be (Was / Were) + not

Berikut ini adalah contoh kalimatnya :

1. Adi did not win the English debate competition last month. (Adi tidak memenangkan kompetisi debat berbahasa inggris bulan lalu).
2. She did not complete her job. (Dia tidak menyelesaikan tugasnya).
3. Many kids did not like horror movies. (Banyak anak-anak yang tidak menyukai film horror).
4. Dodi did not eat the vegetables. (Dodi tidak makan sayuran).
5. I did not sleep well last night, (Aku tidak bisa tidur dengan nyenyak, tadi malam).
6. Rani did not come to the office yesterday. (Rani tidak datang ke kantor, kemarin).
7. John did not buy a car. (John tidak membeli sebuah mobil).
8. Thomas did not come to my party yesterday (Thomas tidak pergi ke pesta saya, kemarin).
9. George did not go to the dentist because he was afraid. (George tidak pergi ke dokter gigi karena dia sangat takut).
10. Yesterday I dreamt Jake took me to Hollywood. Kemarin aku bermimpi Jake mengajakku ke Hollywood).

Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense Interrogative

Untuk membentuk kalimat simple past tense interogative, rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut

Did + S + Verb 1?

atau

Was / Were + S?

Berikut ini adalah contoh kalimat tanya simple past tense:

1. Did you see my bag on the table? (Apakah kamu melihat tas ku di atas meja?)
2. Did the student come to school? (Apakah para murid datang ke sekolah?)
3. Did you sleep enough last night? (Apakah kamu tidur dengan nyenyak kemarin malam?)
4. Did she deliver the pizza on time? (Apakah dia mengantar pizza tepat waktu?)
5. Did they allow you to join their english club? (Apakah mereka mengizinkan kamu bergabung ke dalam klub bahasa Inggris ?)
6. Were you late to come to the office at 11 am yesterday? (Apakah kamu datang terlambat ke kantor jam 11 kemarin?)
7. Was he so busy? (Apakah dia sangat sibuk?)
8. Was the movie so fantastic? tell me (Apakah filmnya sangat berkesan ? Ceritakan kepadaku)
9. Did he clean your room yesterday? (Apakah dia membersihkan ruanganmu kemarin?)
10. Was Dewi happy to work here? (Apakah dewi senang bekerja disini?)

Itulah tadi pengertian, rumus dan contoh-contoh kalimat simple past tense. 

BUKU GURU

BUKU GURU



Berikut buku guru buku siswa kelas VIII kurikulum 2013 revisi 2017

BUKU SISWA

Berikut adalah buku siswa kelas VIII kurikulum 2013 revisi 2017

SOAL LATIHAN

What is the difference between can, could, will and would?

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc_8YJwP-qbLyhA6TeEW-905WY_QAo2gpfDTGF83XGFMRt1TA/viewform

With so many models with small nuances of meaning, things can get confusing very quickly. Two of the biggest roots of confusion come when deciding between can and could or will and would.

“Can” and “Could” both mean the same thing, which is why they are commonly mixed up. The word ‘could’ is a form of the word ‘can’, but the two are used in very different settings.

 These are auxiliary words that are used with a main verb. The uses of the terms are often confused in grammar. ‘Can' is in the present tense, while ‘Could' is in the past tense.

It is used to state a fact and declare an ability. It is also utilized to express ability, possibility, mental skill, privilege, power, and potential.

When you are asking someone to do something, use “could” (more formal) Or “can” (more informal):

• Could you bring me a glass of water, please?
• Can you bring me a glass of water?
• When asking about someone's abilities:

Can you drive a car?

Possibility ( Smoking can cause cancer.)

Permission =Can I stay here? (Informal)

Request = can you use your pen, please? (informal)

Offer= Can I help you?

• “COULD” is the past tense of can.
   It is applied to express possibility, ability, power, privilege, mental skill. Could is less sure than can. It is a more civilized way of asking someone to do a favour or to do as one says.
   You must use could (not 'can') When you don't really mean what you say. For instance:

I'm so angry with her. I could kill her! (Not 'I can kill her')

COULD is also used to show possibility:

• Someone is ringing the doorbell. It could be John.

__________________________________________________

“Will” is used to talk about determination:

• I will do as you say.
• He will do anything for fame.
• I will pass the exam.

Capacity:

• The bottle will hold 2 liters of water.
• This plane will hold 50 passengers.

When you talk about a Choice and Desire:

• I will do this job.
• Will you stop talking like that?

Will you keep quiet?

When you talk about the future:

• It will be a great party.
• I will go somewhere tonight. I think it will rain.
• The news will spread like a wildfire.

Habit:

We can use “will” to talk about habits and typical behavior.

He will talk all day, but he won't do any work.

We use would for unreal or imagined situations. For instance:

• I would love to meet you.
• Offering and inviting:
   Would you like a cup of coffee?
   Would you like to join us?
• I would like to try on this dress.
• Interestingly, will is often induced in conditional statements as well.
   If you will not study hard, you will fail.
   WOULD Expresses Conditional Results and Polite Requests
   In some ways, would is similar to could. It is used to make polite requests. For instance:
• Would you wind up the project this week?

You can also use it for habitual past actions.

 So we can use “would” to talk about things that we did habitually in the past.

For instance:

 “When I was a child I would spend hours reading books.

Like will, would is also used in conditional statements. Albeit, the catch is that these affirmations have to be imaginary or unlikely in nature.

For instance:

If I knew where he lived, I would have seen him.

this articles has publisher in https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-can-could-will-and-would

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc_8YJwP-qbLyhA6TeEW-905WY_QAo2gpfDTGF83XGFMRt1TA/viewform